Policy Evaluation ( Electronic-Health policy in kingdom of Saudi Arabia )Order DescriptionThe topic is Policy Evaluation: Electronic-Health policy in K.A.S( you will write just about Saudi health care system )Please follow the guideline below:Policy Evaluation:1 – Assessing the Impact of (Electronic-Health policy) in KSA in the last ten years.A- Policy Evaluation is learning about the consequences of (e-health policy)B- Policy Impact: the impact of a policy is all its effects on real—_world conditions, including:_impact on the target situation or group_Impact on situations or groups other than the target_Impact on future as well as immediate conditions_Direct costs, in terms of resources devoted to the program_Indirect costs, including loss of opportunity to do other thingsC- Symbolic and Tangible Effects_Measuring impact, Not Output_Target Groups_Nontarget Groups_Short-term and Long-term Effects_Indirect and Symbolic Costs and Benefits_Calculating Net Benefits and CostsD- The Symbolic Impact of Policy_It deals with the perceptions of government action and the attitudes toward it_The failure to try to do something would have even a worse attitude2 – Program Evaluation:A – What Governments Usually Do_Hearings and Reports_Site Visits_Program Measures_Comparison with Professional Standards_Evaluation of Citizens’ ComplaintsB – What Governments Can Do_Before versus after Comparisons_Projected Trend Line versus Post program Comparisons_Comparisons between Jurisdictions with and without Programs_Comparisons between Control and Experimental Groups before and after Program ImplementationC – Why It Fails So Often_Determining what the goals of the program areMany programs and policies have primarily symbolic valueGovernment agencies have a strong vested interest in “proving” that their programs have a positive impactSubstantial investment, therefore, they don’t want to prove that it doesn’t work!Daily activities hinders evaluation attemptsProgram evaluation cost!How Bureaucrats Explain Negative FindingsThe James Wilson Laws of Social Science Research on Policy ImpactWilson’s First Law: All policy interventions in social problems produce the intended effect – if the research is carried out by those implementing the policy or by their friends.Wilson’s Second Law: No policy intervention in social problems produces the intended effect – if the research is carried out by independent third parties, especially those skeptical of the policy.Why Government Programs are Seldom Terminated1- Concentrated Benefits, Dispersed CostsA – The case of the Malt importers subsidy2- Legislative and Bureaucratic InterestsA – The case of MoH blood banks systems3- Incrementalism at WorkA – Small changes, positive or negativePolitics as a Substitute for AnalysisThe Sports Authority Vs Youth Presidency Consultative Council one vote difference!The Limits of Public PolicySome societal problems are incapable of solutionExpectations may always outrace the capabilities of governmentsSolving one group’s problems may create problems for other groups_ Hikes in utilities bills?The case of urban Vs nonurban settlements (small villages)The case of creating undesired dependency on the governmentThe solution to some problems may require policies that are more costly than the problem_ Freedom Vs securitySometimes the system is irrational!